分享：我的oracle 9i学习笔记(8)

########## 数据完整性的管理(Maintaining data integrity) ##########

alter table table_name drop constraint constraint_name;----drop 约束

alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name primary key(column_name1,column_name2);-----创建主键

alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name unique(column_name1,column_name2);---创建唯一约束

/*创建外键约束*/

alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name foreign key(column_name1) references table_name(column_name1);

/*不效验老数据，只约束新的数据[enable/disable：约束/不约束新数据;novalidate/validate:不对/对老数据进行验证]*/

alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name like "B%") enable/disable novalidate/validate;

/*修改约束条件，延时验证，commit时验证*/

alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially deferred;

/*修改约束条件，立即验证*/

alter table table_name modify constraint constraint_name initially immediate;

alter session set constraints=deferred/immediate;

/*drop一个有外键的主键表,带cascade constraints参数级联删除*/

drop table table_name cascade constraints;

/*当truncate外键表时，先将外键设为无效，再truncate;*/

truncate table table_name;

/*设约束条件无效*/

alter table table_name disable constraint constraint_name;

alter table table_name enable novalidate constraint constraint_name;

/*将无效约束的数据行放入exception的表中，此表记录了违反数据约束的行的行号；在此之前，要先建exceptions表*/

alter table table_name add constraint constraint_name check(column_name >;15) enable validate exceptions into exceptions;

/*运行创建exceptions表的脚本*/

start $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql;

/*获取约束条件信息的表或视图*/

select * from user_constraints/dba_constraints/dba_cons_columns;

################## managing password security and resources ####################

alter user user_name account unlock/open;----锁定/打开用户;

alter user user_name password expire;---设定口令到期

/*建立口令配置文件,failed_login_attempts口令输多少次后锁，password_lock_times指多少天后口令被自动解锁*/

create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_times 1/1440;

/*创建口令配置文件*/

create profile profile_name limit failed_login_attempts 3 password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function password_grace_time 5;

/*建立资源配置文件*/

create profile prfile_name limit session_per_user 2 cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;

alter user user_name profile profile_name;